Taking a Look at a Cellular Network - 1240 Words

Cellular network A cellular network or is a means of communication network disseminated more than land areas called cells, every hand round by at least one permanent-location transceiver, called the cell site or base position. In a cellular system, every cell typically uses a dissimilar set of radio occurrence from all their instantaneous relationship to cells to keep away from any intrusion. When attached mutually these cells make available radio exposure more than a extensive geographic region. This facilitate a large amount of transportable transceivers to converse with every additional and by means of permanent transceivers and telephones is the anyplace in the network, via base positions, still if a quantity of the transceivers is poignant from side to side more than solitary cell through transmission. Even if initially proposed intended for cell phones, by means of the expansion of smartphones, cellular telephone networks habitually clutch data in adding together to telephone exchange. # Global System for Mobile Communications: The GSM network is alienated hooked on thrice most important systems: the controlling system, the base position system, and the procedure and maintain system. The cell phone attach to the pedestal system situation which then hook up to the process and sustain position; it then fixed to the switching position where the call is relocated to where it requirements to go. GSM is the the majority ordinary prevailing and is worned for aShow MoreRelated Future of VoIP Technology Essay604 Words   |  3 Pagesthis technology can take over. Individuals have some great things to look forward to. Many already communicate over the internet for free (not including ISP cost) in a simple fashion by chat rooms, instant messaging, and email. Some are already using VoIP to replace their current telephone provider due to the lower costs available. Almost everyone in the United States has a cell phone that connects wirelessly to cellular networks located in nearly every city. Wireless internet is becoming rapidlyRead MoreIphone Case Study1101 Words   |  5 Pagesa common mistake. So make sure the cellular data is on. How to do it: If you cant connect to a cellular network on your iPhone, make sure that cellular data is on in Settings Cellular If youre traveling, make sure that roaming is switched on on your iPhone. Go to Settings Cellular Cellular Data Options Data Roaming 2. Try Switching It On and Off Again This might seem too simple but it’s the most effective way to bring your iPhone cellular network back to life if your iPhone says searchingRead MoreCell Phone Landline Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesCell phones have minus use for people and landline only have one or two uses for people.A cell phone is any portable telephone which uses cellular network technology to make and receive calls.It is all about the technology used to transmit your calls, rather than what the handset itself can or cannot do. As long as a phone can transmit a signal to a cellular network, it is a cell phone. 41% of no longer have a landline in America.Connect your mobile phone to your wired landline phone, so you can makeRead MoreCase 4 – Google: Research Googles Attempt to Buy Into Wireless Via the 700 Mhz Spectrum Auction.866 Words   |  4 Pagespossibly a 50 state network â€Å"The FCC is auctioning 1,099 wireless licenses in the 700 MHz band, but the most attractive spectrum for many bidders is the â€Å"C-block† of 12 regional licenses that may be combined to create a 50-state network.† (Reiter, 2008) This new product development would allow Google to become a cellular network operator. This market includes firms such as ATamp;T and Verizon, Google would not only compete with these firms but also would have had the opportunity to network with other entitiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Mobile Phones On Our Society1176 Words   |  5 PagesWe are living in an electronic age. The entire world is taking a new turn with every fraction of the time. It has given birth to globalization. There is a great dea l of new means of communication which have made our life so simple and easy going. The mobile phone is the greatest used present-day phenomenon in this fast-growing time. The mobile phone is a revolutionary step in the field of tele-communication. There were days when the telephones only served the purpose of communication through soundRead MoreMobile Phone Advantages And Disadvantages Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagescell phone is a gadget in telecommunication that uses radio waves over a region of network. A cell station at a fixed location serves the purpose of connecting cellphones wireless transmission for calls, landlines, and internet access (Furht Ahson, 2016). The cellular phone identifies as a mobile application in the network structure comprising of SIM card and equipment assigning the telephone digits. The cellular phones are evolving, from the two- way radio to the current pocket-size device. InitiallyRead MoreA Report On The Aircel Group1417 Words   |  6 Pagesouts tanding mobile services to a vast subscriber base in India. Aircel has a vision of delighting its customers by giving them the respect they deserve. Their goal is to provide their customers with exemplary service and persistently look for new ways to the surpass their expectations. Aircel commenced operations in the year 1999. In the 1st decade of operations, they concentrated on the building of their foundations in the southern part of the country, and soon emerged as the regionalRead MorePersonal Statement On Driving The Web Design Revolution957 Words   |  4 PagesComputing. I have always been keen to work on projects that metamorphosed my interests into skills. Hence, I worked on variety of projects across multiple domains like client-server based application ‘Cellular Network Cognizance’ that compares tariffs of various cellular networks and helps choose the best network based on individual requirements. One of the most crucial aspects of my engineering program was my final year project ‘Bus Trip Management’. Here, we created a java application that helps in managingRead MoreAngola Regulatory System and Infrastructure1171 Words   |  5 Pagesemployer or other payer withholds the amount due and is liable for the tax (somalipres s.com). Intellectual Property: Angola’s legal system is very inefficient, and corruption plays a major roll in that. Legal fees are high, and most businesses avoid taking commercial disputes to court. The state owns all land, but long term renewable leases are available for most urban and some non urban land. Property registration is a long process and very expensive. Angola is ranked 114th out of 155 countries inRead MoreAirtel Managing All Its Functions Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesThey shifted their focus from network. Airtel comprehended that its network operations could be better accomplished by Ericson, Nokia or Siemens and IBM. The reason to outsource is to focus on core, have a scalable network, faster reach, better quality, providing enhanced services and to have a team of best persons to manage networks across the globe. Airtel’s strategy of outsourcing with Nokia Siemens and Ericson included buildup, maintenance and overhauling of network telecom equipment’s. Airtel’s

Eveline Essay - 578 Words

In the short story Eveline by James Joyce, the title character Eveline is fearful of making a change in her life by moving with her boyfriend Frank from her homeland of Ireland and making a life with him in Buenos Ayres. Joyce illustrates that one of our most inherent qualities as humans and one that Eveline displays is that we are resistant to change. Through Evelines relationships with her father, Frank and various peripheral relationships, Joyce demonstrates to us how Eveline has come to have certain beliefs about change. There is overwhelming evidence in Evelines life that change is good, yet she continues to resist it. Eveline saw her mother make many common sacrifices and give up her freedom of choice in everyday†¦show more content†¦He does not want a worldly man such as Frank having any influence on his daughter. He believes that if Eveline did become serious with Frank he, as her father, would become a lower priority in Evelines life. She would most certainly leave the house and quite possibly move far away, which would be yet another change the old man would have to endure. Other factors lead to Eveline being fearful of change. Not only change in commitments but change in physical surroundings are things she does not embrace, though she has been surrounded by change most of her life; when she was a child, she would play in the field with the neighbor children every evening, until it was built upon. She has also experienced change in the form of death; childhood friends, her brother and her mother - all are dead. Death is not a positive representation of change to be sure. As Evelyn ponders change, she comes to the realization that the physical surroundings of her everyday life would no longer be there. The furnishings, the pictures, the curtains, even the dust would be distant memories! Things she has unknowingly drawn comfort from her entire life would not be there to comfort her; they would be gone. Change may not be something she wants. All of these realizations about change are due to Eveline considering the biggest change in her life: the change she is most fearful about, moving away from Ireland to be with Frank in BuenosShow MoreRelated Empty Spaces in James Joyces Eveline from Dubliners Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pagesclearly delineating his characters every feature, Joyce concentrates on hinting at the emotional meanings of his depictions with a rich thick dab of paint here and there. Although Joyce flexes his descriptive muscles in the Dubliners short story Eveline (1914,) he leaves much to the imagination of the reader through calculated omissions and suggestive phrases.    Such omissions begin at the opening of the story; She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue (Joyce 37). JoyceRead MoreEveline s Struggles By Eveline944 Words   |  4 PagesStruggles Although Eveline has to be the central life and the caretaker of her family’s home, she dwells on the past and fearing her life ahead of her. Eveline is seen as the woman in charge of the household. The narrator states, â€Å"Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business,† implying that she not only works hard around the home but also has a job where she earns her own money (Joyce). Eveline takes care of the home and has to keep it clean and together. Also, Eveline had been â€Å"treatedRead MoreEveline1643 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Eveline,† James Joyce uses the juxtaposition of the ever-changing setting and the unchanging stoic character of Eveline in order to exemplify the character’s reluctance and inability to move forward. James Joyce is known for his juxtaposition of light and dark throughout his short stories, specifically in his story â€Å"Araby.† I would argue that Joyce is using the contrast of opposing forces described above between the setting and the character in a similar way as he was light and dark. â€Å"Araby†Read MoreEveline3513 Words   |  15 Pageselsewhere. The Irish were second-class citizens within their own nation; Ireland was a British colony and the Northern Protestants controlled the economy of the country. Catholic families often faced hardship. Alcoholism and abuse, as portrayed in â€Å"Eveline† were rampant. As a result, many of the Irish sought to escape James Joyce represents everyday life of Dublin in the early twentieth century in his collection of short stories, Dubliners. Dubliners consists of 15 stories and each of them unfoldsRead MoreReflection Of Eveline1135 Words   |  5 PagesEveline In the short story â€Å"Eveline† by James Joyce, talks about a young woman who is around nineteen years of age that deals with a lot in life. As Eveline sits and gazes out the window one evening, she begins to think about her past and how it has been painful to her.   Growing up Eveline didn’t have the best family life. She had an abusive father who would always terrorize the family.   Before Eveline’s mother died, she told Eveline to make sure she watched after her brothers and to keep them safeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Eveline 1069 Words   |  5 PagesIn Joyce’s, â€Å"Eveline†, most of the story is situated in the mind of the main character, Eveline. Eveline is characterized as passive, easily-influenced, and indecisive. Joyce highlights Eveline’s indecisiveness as she struggles with her immediate predicament; should she leave her abusive father and disobey her duty as a daughter, or pursue a new life with her potential husban d Frank, to be free? As she contemplates, readers are taken inside Eveline’s mind to discover factors from her past and presentRead MoreChildhood Abuse In Eveline1128 Words   |  5 Pages James Joyces short story Eveline is set in Dublin, Ireland during the turn of the 20th century. The suffering was of the Irish was immense during this time in history, due to the struggle of against the English occupation of Ireland. An observation made about Dublin during the early 1900s was that â€Å"the Irish capital is paralysed by Catholicism, by the English imperialism, by grave poverty and social injustice† (Boyson). Ireland was still reeling from the famine the occurred fifty yearsRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Eveline1123 Words   |  5 PagesJames Joyce’s Eveline is a story of a woman dealing with the decision to stay at home with her father and the children she cares for while enduring abuse, or going out across the sea with her boyfriend Frank, who wishes to make Eveline his wife. Although Eveline s father had caused her strife through his abusiveness, she reflects on a time when she was younger and her mother was still alive and he was not that way. Eveline wonders what what they would say about her in the stores if she were to goRead MoreEveline Essay examples721 Words   |  3 Pages2012 Comparison of Eveline and Connie â€Å"Eveline† and â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† are similar stories set in different eras. â€Å"Eveline† is a short story written by James Joyce. â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been† is a short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. Eveline and Connie are two teenage girls who are ultimately trapped by the influences of their cultures. The church plays a heavy influence on Eveline throughout the story. Eveline is conflicted on whether sheRead MoreSummary Of The Story Eveline Essay718 Words   |  3 Pagesto interpret the short story Eveline; however, I feel this story is very meaningful. In the story, the 19 year old Eveline lives at home with her father and works at home and in their store in a small town in Dublin, Ireland. Her brother Ernest has passed and Harry was in the church decorating business and would help the family out by sending money. Eveline worked and would give all of the money she earned to her father. When her father did give her money, Eveline was expected to use that money

Applied Business Research and Ethics Moral Decisions

Questions: 1.Given that no single ethical theory is perfect; discuss how ethical theories can assist a person to make an ethical decision? Construct an argument for or against deontological (non-consequential) theories as the preferred option to use for ethical decision making and explain the key differences between this perspective as opposed to a consequential one.2. It is argued that utilitarianism is useful for in an organisational context because it gives us an objective perspective that is not clouded by self-interest. It also encourages the decision maker to consider all whom his or her decisions may effect. Opposing arguments suggest that as we often do not know with certainty what the future consequences of our actions will be, the value of adopting utilitarianism as an effective tool for ethical decision-making can be questioned. Construct an argument defending which of these perspectives do you agree with and why or why not?3. In contrast to question 2 above, some theorists argue tha t deontological theories (non-consequential theories) should be the preferred option for ethical decision making in organisations as opposed to utilitarianism. Construct an argument supporting the use of deontological theories as the most preferred option for organisation ethical decision-making using appropriate theory and your personal experiences to provide evidence of your position.4. There are different schools of thought about whether a corporation can be a moral agent. Further the argument is that if a non-human entity (a corporation) can enjoy certain rights then it naturally flows that it also should have certain responsibilities thus taking the view that rights and responsibilities go hand in hand. Discuss the main arguments for and against these two views and take and defend a position on which you think has the strongest case.5. The complexity of todays economy and the dependence of consumers on business increase businesss responsibility for product safety. Some consumer protection advocates argue that more regulation and legislation is needed in regard to product safety. Discuss whether you agree or disagree (using an ethical perspective) and in your answer consider the implications and likely consequences of increased regulation versus the alternative of industry self-regulation.6. Do you think that consumers are adequately equipped to conduct sufficient research in order to make informed choices about the products that they buy and that are offered for sale? Are there particular groups in society for whom this option is not viable (for example those without internet access, with poor language skills and those with disabilities)? If this is the case what are the social and ethical obligations for companies in relation to this issue? What do you suggest be done and why?7. Evaluate the following statement:When people place personal information on a public domain (such as Facebook), they consent implicitly to anybody viewing that information. If tha t information is subsequently used in a manner that harms them, they only have themselves to blame. Employers have a right to make value judgements about their employees based upon what they post on their social media pages. Such information gives the employer an indication of whether that person is reliable, a hard worker and so on.Do you agree with this statement? Is it morally acceptable to monitor prospective or current employees off the job behaviour using their social networking sites? Justify your answer using ethical theory.8. Since consumer demand drives the production and sale of goods and services, the production of which can have a detrimental impact on the environment, do they then have a concomitant social obligation in terms of environmental responsibility? Explain your view and defend with appropriate ethical theory.9. Is a company morally obliged to follow the safety guidelines of its home country (where the company is based) when the standards in the host country ( where the company operates) are lower? What is the difference between moral obligation and law? In your view which should take precedence and defend your position with relevant ethical and CSR theory? How do your thoughts align with your views about CSR?10. In the workplace employees have rights and responsibilities. One such right is the right for free speech. Construct an argument either for or against free speech in the workplace. Issues to consider in your argument should include (but not be limited to) the right to voice an opinion without fear of retribution and whether speech incites violence or hatred toward others should be allowed. Use ethical theory to justify your position.11. outline the steps that a research should undertake to ensure that their study is ethical and discuss the essential ethical components that any researcher would have to consider. In your answer use examples to illustrate your position. Answers: Introduction Ethical theories guide people in making moral decisions. Even though there is no particular ethical theory that can be perfect, the theories put together provided us with useful principles to make rationale decision. According to Millss utilitarian theory, the principle of the greatest happiness has shaped how we make decision (Summerell, Salleh and Leslie 2003). For example, by positing that actions are rights as they tend to promote happiness and wrong as they advocate for the reverse, we get a base through which we start considering the impacts of our decisions. For example, take a case of using ethical theories to eliminate famine, various ethical scholars have argued differently to showcase how we can make decisions. 1. The central principle that ONeill homes lies on the duties of justice that has to be accomplished since if they are never achieved people are used as mere means. Thus, ONeills argument shows that Kantian moral theory primarily asserts that people must never do injustice (Misselbrook 2013). Onora holds that we must always be dutiful as a matter of justice in famine-stricken conditions or like United States with respect to Senegal. Onora holds that we must never deceive or take advantage. Also, Onora points out that with respect to Kantian duties of beneficence as she advocates assisting to promote others ends to be independent (Shaw and Barry 2015). Thus, time is never a factor according to Kantian approach to famine. Thus Onora explicates the difference between her advocated Kantian famine solutions as well the benchmark against utilitarian approach. Thus Onora argument for the Kantian approach to famine is informed by the fact that Kantian never believed that individuals who have done something unintentionally wrong would be unjust or bad. Thus, she argues that people actions should have good will and good intentions and thus fully reflected via peoples actions. On the other hand, Peter Singer disagrees fully (Shaw and Barry 2015). Peter embraces a firm utilitarian solution. He thus instigates by accepting that suffering and death from famine is bad. Thus, he plugs in the utilitarian element of the argument. Subsequently, Peter argues for greater good. Thus, he argues that if it is ones capacity to prevent something bad from happening while in the process not a sacrifice of comparable moral good, then we are bound to execute it. Unlike the Kantian approach, Peter never exempts some actions by virtue of space-time excuses (Shaw and Barry 2015). Thus, Peter perceives people as equal and hence bound to help regardless of the location of famine. Thus Peter argues that, without sacrificing something of equal moral good we are bound to help avert famine. Peter says that a toddler drowning must be helped out of the paddle by the any agent. Thus, according to Singer, there is never a difference with the problem of famine. Both ONeill and Peter are in agreement that people dying and hurting from famine is bad whereas duties of beneficence are good. However, the difference rest in the assigned duties. ONeill believe that it is all right as longs as the intentions are good and people do not commit injustices by being just. On the other hand, Peter believes that by ignoring a responsibility to help others an individual engage in grave injustice (Shaw and Barry 2015). Arthur points out that people should only help with no cost attached themselves alongside the absence of a substantial decline in such peoples happiness. Therefore, the situation is so nuanced than Peter Singer would have imagined. The conclusion of the author also points towards a donation to charitable too help those in needs. However, an individual is entitled to his happin ess by using their money earned without wrongly judging people on how they spent money. Deontology is a word derived from the Greek language, on meaning duty and logos for science. First examined by a philosopher, Immanuel Kant in the 18th century, he argued that nothing is good with no qualification to expect for a good will. Consequently, deontological ethics is an ethical theory that embeds emphasis on the relationship between the line of duty and morality of human actions (Hanekamp 2007). Conversely, the theory considers an action morally good because of its characteristics and not as a result of the end product. It also points out the significance of actions that are morally obligatory even at the expense of their consequences regarding human welfare (Shaw and Barry 2015). A common descriptive expression used in referring to the ethical theory include, Duty for dutys sake. In the same perspective, a deontological theory has been regarded formalistic due to the nature of its central principle which is embedded on the conformity of an action to some rule of law. Deontological theory acknowledges that some actions are wrong and right based on the sorts of things they are, and hence individuals have an obligation or duty to act accordingly, irrespective of the good or bad consequences which may result or generated. For example we can use deontological theory to answer the ethical question, Should we penalize a soldier for disobeying an unjust or illegal order given by one's superiors? In this case, I support the soldiers who reject the unjust or illegal orders issued by their superiors regardless of the consequences they will generate since they are in line with the deontological ethical theory which clearly appreciates that some actions are wrong or right because of the sorts of things they and, therefore, these soldiers have a duty to act accordingly by rejecting the illegal or unjust orders regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be generated (Shaw and Barry 2015). In my view, therefore, we should never penalize a soldier for di sobeying an illegal order issued by ones superiors. However to argue against the theory, Deontological ethics embeds emphasis on absolute rules. Consequently, the rules tend to be rigid hence in one way or another complicating ways of dealing with cases. Most of the people also find the moral theory challenging since it focusses on the reduction in the overall happiness of the world. Utilitarianism, conversely, is embedded in the idea that actions are good because it benefits the greater number of members in society rather than a single individual (Shaw and Barry 2015). The consequences hence are what give ethical value to any action. The theory is a counter argument for the deontological theory, and it was pioneered by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. However, critics such as Karl Max place more emphasis on the consequences. 2. To explain this, I will give a case where the owner (Potters) of the organization is in a dilemma to appoint his son (Henry) as the CEO who is not auguring well with other workers including myself whom he mistreated before but I haven not told his father and hence putting the entire firm at risk of losing employees or resistance or low production. According to utilitarian ethical theory, the main principle is that of Greatest Happiness which suggest that actions are rights as they tend to promote happiness and wrongs as they do the reverse. This theory is, therefore, relevant in helping Potters get out of this dilemma by choosing that action which will promote happiness or social (organization) good and not individual. On the other hand, the deontological theory is also relevant in this theory since it holds that people need to act accordingly or morally regardless of the consequences of the actions (Shaw and Barry 2015). This means that an action will be right so long as an indiv idual acts morally irrespective of the consequences. Accordingly, the deontological theory will help Jill make a decision without fearing what Potters will do to her so longs as she makes or acts accordingly. Therefore, from reading the scenario, it is apparent that the decision taken by Potters to elevate Henry to the CEOs position will not be good for the business and hence, I should apply the deontological theory to dispense this issue by telling Potter about the negativities of Henry. 3. Deontological ethical theory principle features apply to the question Should we penalize a soldier for disobeying an unjust or illegal order given by one's superiors? in some ways. It is clear that the soldiers face hostile conditions and need to be penalized since according to this theory, the consequences of an action does matter so long as one act accordingly. By refusing illegal or unjust orders they are subjected to, soldiers advance the practice of this theory in reality since they will act morality by ignoring the unjust orders regardless of the consequences (Shaw and Barry 2015). The specific conclusion identified from the application of the reasoning characteristic of this kind of approach is that those in the leadership position should adhere to the law and stop giving illegal orders to their subjects. 4. A corporation can be a moral agent by laying down the moral policies to be adhered to in all practices. Since a corporation can enjoy some rights, it flows naturally that it can have particular responsibilities. Therefore, the view that rights and responsibilities go in handy is rational. Where a corporation has a right to produce goods and services, it is natural that it has the responsibilities to produce quality goods and services for which it was registered. Undertaking immoral or unethical practices to achieve its rights of production is against its purpose at registration and hence we cannot separate right from responsibility. We need to first have the right before having the responsibility and hence having a right without responsibility is null and void. 5. I disagree with the advocate of increased regulation and legislation to guard safety of then consumers but rather support the increased ethical practices or moral obligations. Having laws and regulation will not solve the issue since a company can act legally but immorally and hence still safety will not be guaranteed. The implications and likely consequences of increased regulation against the alternative of industry self-regulation will be detrimental. Firms will only adhere to the regulations and laws but undertake unethical practices in turn to compensate for any losses they may accrue as a result of increased regulation. 6. I do not think that consumers are sufficiently armed to undertake satisfactory exploration to make informed choices regarding the commodities that they purchase and that companies offer for sale. Various groups in society including those without internet access, with poor language skills and those with disabilities do not see the viability of this option. Accordingly, companies are socially and ethically obligated to ensure perfect information about the products offered, prices, side effects and so on exist for all the categories of consumer (Marques 2015). The companys marketing department or sales promotion must take it upon themselves to use every means possible to ensure that the information is accessible by all consumers. 7. The information post by both prospective and current employees of given company will directly affect the firm and hence the need for employers to monitor these people off job behavior on social networks. This helps the employers to make value judgements concerning their workers upon their social media pages posts. Through such monitoring employers get to know whether that individual personality of the worker. I support this argument fully since the reputation of the company is on the hands of the employees and any derogatory post will bring the company to its knees. Firms should, therefore, monitor what is post so as not to fall prey of their competitors in cases when the employees post their weakness and opportunities and even strengths. 8. It is true that consumer demand is a key driver to the production and sale of goods and services as well as the production which in turn have a detrimental impact on the environment, however, they do not have concomitant social obligation in terms of environmental responsibility in my view. This is because, the producers and sellers of these goods and services are the ones that are socially obligated in terms of environmental responsibility (Rachels and Rachels 2003). Consumers will always demand what they require and at the same time expect the producers sellers to adhere to the CRS. Therefore, it would not be possible again that consumers need to act in any way that then compel the sellers and producers to act morally. 9. In my view, a company is morally obliged to follow the safety guidelines of its home country in case the host countrys standards are lower. Ethical practice should never be confined to legal requirement but need go beyond mere legal consideration. A company can be legal but not ethical and hence will still cause externalities to other people. Moral obligation requires a company to always act morally even if the laws are weak to compel them to act so while law only outlines what the company is required to do which to some companies may not necessarily be moral. In my view, the moral obligation needs to take precedence and have the company be morally obliged to follow the safety guideline of the home country when those of those host country work but the company should meet the local laws. Ethical and CSR theories utilitarianism will dictate the firm to act morally since it will create competitive advantage over others and hence make profits. My thoughts align my views about CSR posi tively since Corporate Social Responsibility may not fully be achieved by abiding to the laws but remaining morally obliged. 10. Free speech should be allowed but restricted to the organization policies to which an employee had appended his signature to uphold. Based on the utilitarianism theory, the employees must utter words which promote the general happiness or social good and not self-interest. The right to voice an opinion without fear of retribution should be allowed by organization rules, regulation and policies clearly outlining how such opinion should be aired. The speech which incites violence or hatred toward others should not be allowed since this will go against the principle of the Greatest Happiness or social benefits. 11. For studies involving human subjects, a researcher must start by getting the permission from the authorities. For example, where the study is to be conducted in a given school, the principle must be ask for permission. Then the researcher must obtain consent from the participants and ensure that the consent form is signed. The researcher should then explain to the participants that they are free to pull out of the study at wish at any time (Windsor 2006). Then he must as well as explain what the outcomes or the data collected from them will be used for and how it will be stored. Once the data has been collected, the researcher should take it back to the participants to verify that indeed those were the real information they gave. He must also explain that in case there is a change of the purpose of data, he would go back and seek consent from the participants. He must as well assure the subjects of their privacy and confidentiality. Conclusion Ethical theories are increasingly essential in helping business solve their problems and attract and retain customers for sustainability. Business that take ethical theories into their daily practice have created sustained competitive advantage over others and have successful embraced corporate social responsibility giving them an unquestioned reputation before their rivals. References Escoffery, M.E., 2004. Peter Singer's ethical theory. Fritzsche, D.J. and Becker, H., 2014. Linking management behavior to ethical philosophyAn empirical investigation. Academy of Management journal, 27(1), pp.166-175. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D., 2007. Applying ethical theories: Interpreting and responding to student plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), pp.293-306. Hanekamp, G. (Ed.). (2007). Business ethics of innovation (Vol. 31). Springer Science Business Media. Jones, T.M., Felps, W. and Bigley, G.A., 2007. Ethical theory and stakeholder-related decisions: The role of stakeholder culture. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), pp.137-155. Marques, J. 2015. Universalism and Utilitarianism: An Evaluation of Two Popular Moral Theories in Business Decision Making. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 8(2), 3. May, W.F., 2010. Doing ethics: The bearing of ethical theories on fieldwork. Social Problems, 27(3), pp.358-370. Misselbrook, D. 2013. Duty, Kant, and deontology. Br J Gen Pract, 63(609), 211-211. Rachels, J. and Rachels, S., 2003. The elements of moral philosophy (p. 20). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shaw, W.H. and Barry, V., 2015. Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Stocker, M., 2012. The schizophrenia of modern ethical theories. The Journal of philosophy, 73(14), pp.453-466. Summerell, B.A., Salleh, B. and Leslie, J.F., 2003. A utilitarian approach to Fusarium identification. Plant disease, 87(2), pp.117-128. Windsor, D., 2006. Corporate social responsibility: Three key approaches. Journal of management studies, 43(1), pp.93-114.

TV and the effects on our children Essays - Television Technology

TV and the effects on our children How many televisions do you have in your house? Do you watch those TVs for more than an hour a day? How much is too much television? These questions are asked by people everyday, with each question comes a varied response depending on who is asked. Children are very impressionable. How does television affect the children that are between the ages of ten and sixteen? Could the affect be positive or is it negative. People who watch violent television as children behave more aggressively even 15 years later, according to one of the few TV violence studies to follow children into adulthood (Grossman 43). The effect appears in both sexes regardless even of how aggressive a person was as a child, researchers found (Kline 138). Experts say the results are no surprise, but added that the study is important because it used a wide range of measures, included many participants and showed the effect in females as well as males (Noble 113). Huesmann said televised violence suggests to young children that aggression is appropriate in some situations, especially when it's used by Gleason 2 charismatic heroes. It also erodes a natural aversion to violence (Comstock 14). The American Psychological Association has said that viewing violence on TV promotes aggressive behavior, particularly in children. Other mental-health and medical groups have taken similar stands (Nobel 178). Children who play actively will have more of an opportunity to develop their senses than children who are passively viewing (Grossman 192). The health aspects of watching TV can vary, almost entirely bad. While watching TV, the eyes are practically motionless and `defocused' in order to take in the whole screen. Constant movement is required for healthy eye development (parenthoodweb Oct 24). Viewing affects not only eye mechanics, but also the ability to focus and pay attention. Since TV is more visual than auditory, children's sense of hearing is not being used to its full extent. Active listening is a skill that needs to be developed. Children need practice in hearing different things to gain that needed stimulation. Also, when TV is constantly on, the sense of hearing may be dulled by the persistent background noise (apa Oct 30). Studies show that the consumption of alcohol is shown or mentioned in 80 percent of prime-time programs (Cook Gleason 3 32). Alcoholic beverages outnumber the other beverages consumed on TV, but the pattern of drinking is virtually the opposite of the pattern found in the real world. 52 percent of all identifiable alcoholic beverages on television are hard liquor, 22 percent are wine, and 16 percent are beer (Noble 203). In soap operas they tend to average almost three one-minute intervals per twenty-one-minute program during which an alcohol-related event occurs. This amounts to at least six incidents per hour. Other studies show that during no hour of early evening TV is the average rate of alcohol usage fewer than 1 1/2 incidents per hour, and during later times (9:00-11:00 P.M.), no hour passes with fewer than three incidents of drinking (Noble 204). Each year the average child watches about 22,000 commercials5,000 of them for food, most of them are high-calorie, high-sugar, low-nutrition items (Grossman 157). The most harmful messages that the TV brings may have to do with sex. In the past several years, there has been an increase in the amount of flirting and sexual innuendoes on TV. Storylines and settings that include risqu clothes are more popular than before. The references to sex on TV, whether spoken or implied, often occur between unmarried partnersfive times more frequently than between married couples. References to such relations with prostitutes come Gleason 4 in second. Together, references to sexual conduct between unmarried partners and with prostitutes account for about 70 percent of all references to intimate physical conduct on television (ddonline Nov 17). Also very interesting is the research that shows nearly 33 percent of all close relationships on TV involve conflict or violence. Relationships that are romantically linked tend to have the most conflict and violence48 percent (Tuchschener 27). Very few programs can be viewed in their entirety without seeing something to have to do with relations between a man and a woman. Many people,

How to Conjugate the Verb Entrare in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Entrare in Italian   Entrare has several definitions, including: To enterTo go inTo become a member (of)To fit What to Know About â€Å"Entrare† It’s a regular first-conjugation verb, so it follows the typical -are verb ending pattern.It’s an intransitive verb, which does not take a direct object.The infinito is â€Å"entrare†.The participio passato is â€Å"entrato†.The gerund form is â€Å"entrando†.The past gerund form is â€Å"essendo entrato†. Indicativo/Indicative Il presente io entro noi entriamo tu entri voi entrate lui, lei, Lei entra essi, Loro entrano Ad Esempio A partire da ora, lei entra a far parte della nostra famiglia. Starting from now, she’s a member of our family. Il passato prossimo io sono entrato/a noi siamo entrati/e tu sei entrato/a voi siete entrati/e lui, lei, Lei à ¨ entrato/a essi, Loro sono entrati/e Ad Esempio È appena entrato in casa. He just went into his house. L’imperfetto io entravo noi entravamo tu entravi voi entravate lui, lei, Lei entrava essi, Loro entravano Ad Esempio La grammatica russa non mi entrava in testa. Russian grammar didn’t go into my head (didn’t understand it). Il trapassato prossimo io ero entrato/a noi eravamo entrati/e tu eri entrato/a voi eravate entrati/e lui, lei, Lei era entrato/a essi, Loro erano entrati/e Ad Esempio Eravamo entrati nel bosco intorno alle sette di sera. We had entered the forest at around seven in the evening. Il passato remoto io entrai noi entrammo tu entrasti voi entraste lui, lei, Lei entrà ² essi, Loro entrarono Ad Esempio L’Italia entrà ² in guerra nel 1940.  Italy entered in war in 1940. Il trapassato remoto io fui entrato/a noi fummo entrati/e tu fosti entrato/a voi foste entrati/e lui, lei, Lei fu entrato/a essi, Loro furono entrati/e Tip: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io entrerà ² noi entreremo tu entrerai voi entrerete lui, lei, Lei entrer essi, Loro entreranno Ad Esempio Quando avrà ² diciotto anni, entrerà ² nell’esercito. When I’m 18 years old, I will enter the army. Il futuro anteriore io sarà ² entrato/a noi saremo entrati/e tu sarai entrato/a voi sarete entrati/e lui, lei, Lei sar entrato/a essi, Loro saranno entrati/e Ad Esempio Saranno gi entrati al cinema. They must have entered the movie theater already. Congiuntivo/Subjunctive Il presente che io entri che noi entriamo che tu entri che voi entriate che lui, lei, Lei entri che essi, Loro entrino Ad Esempio Penso che entri dall’altra parte dell’edificio. I think you enter on the other side of the building. Il passato io sia entrato/a noi siamo entrati/e tu sia entrato/a voi siate entrati/e lui, lei, Lei sia entrato/a essi, Loro siano entrati/e Ad Esempio Crediamo che siano entrati dalla finestra. We believe they got in through the window. L’imperfetto io entrassi noi entrassimo tu entrassi voi entraste lui, lei, Lei entrasse essi, Loro entrassero Ad Esempio Speravamo che lei entrasse nella nostra famiglia, ma lei e mio fratello si sono lasciati. We hoped that she would become a part of our family, but her and my brother broke up. Il trapassato prossimo io fossi entrato/a noi fossimo entrati/e tu fossi entrato/a voi foste entrati/e lui, lei, Lei fosse entrato/a essi, Loro fossero entrati/e Ad Esempio Pensavo fosse entrato un topo in cucina. I thought a mouse had gotten into the kitchen. Condizionale/Conditional Il presente io entrerei noi entreremmo tu entreresti voi entrereste lui, lei, Lei entrerebbe essi, Loro entrerebbero Ad Esempio Non entrerei in quell’edificio, à ¨ inquietante. I wouldn’t go into that building, it’s creepy. Il passato io sarei entrato/a noi saremmo entrati/e tu saresti entrato/a voi sareste entrati/e lui, lei, Lei sarebbe entrato/a essi, Loro sarebbero entrati/e Ad Esempio Pensi che un ladro sarebbe entrato nel mio negozio? Ne dubito. Do you think a thief  would have broken into my store? I doubt it.

Using the Spanish ‘Estar’ With Prepositions

Using the Spanish ‘Estar’ With Prepositions The verb estar is frequently followed by a preposition in ways that are uncommon with the English equivalent to be. Here are some of the common combinations: Estar a Estar a doesnt have a consistent meaning, although it is used in a variety of contexts. It can often convey the idea of being at or in a situation. As in the first four examples, it is often used this way in the first-personal plural or we form. Estmos a tres dà ­as del inicio de los juegos. (We are three days away from the games. Literally, we are at three days from the start of the games.)Estamos a 14 de febrero. (Today is Feb. 14. Literally, we are at Feb. 14.)Estamos a 30 grados. (It is 30 degrees. Literally, we are at 30 degrees.)Mi hermana est a oscuras. (My sister is ignorant of whats going on. Somewhat literally, my sister is in the dark.) Estar con In addition to indicating who someone is with, estar con can be used to indicate illnesses, what a person is wearing, and other characteristics: Tengo un amiga que est con la influenza porcina. (I have a friend who has swine flu.)Hay dà ­as que estoy con dolor constante. (There are days Im in constant pain.)Estaba con pantalones cortos y una playera blanca. (He was wearing short pants and a white T-shirt.)Cuando estamos con prisa, es fcil pasar por alto algunas prcticas de seguridad. (When were in a hurry, its easy to overlook some safety measures.)La carne estaba con mal olor. (The meat smelled bad.)Estamos con duda sobre estos medicamentos. (We are in doubt about these medications.) Estar de Temporary situations including roles, employment, and emotions are often expressed using estar de. Some examples: La red social ms popular est de cumpleaà ±os. (The most popular social network is having a birthday.)No te pongas serio. Estaba de broma. (Dont take it seriously. He was joking.)Estoy de acuerdo contigo. (I agree with you.)Mi hermano est de chofer. (My brother is working as a driver.)Estamos de vacaciones. (Were on vacation.) ¿Quà © tipos de vestidos estn de moda? (What types of clothing are in style?)Los Smith estn de aniversario. (Its the Smiths anniversary.)Los conductores estn de huelga. (The drivers are on strike.)El jefe est de un humor muy feo. (The boss is in a very ugly mood.) Estar en Estar en is often used much like to be in. Est en buena condicià ³n la carretera. (The road is in good condition.)Las autoridades locales estaban en conflicto con los operadores de turismo. (The local authorities were in conflict with the tourism operators.)Esta pgina web est en construccià ³n. (This web page is under construction.) Estar por When followed by a noun, estar por typically means to be in favor of someone or something. Estoy por la inmigracià ³n legal. (I am for legal immigration.)No es verdad que todos està ©n por la democracia. (It isnt true that everyone is for democracy.) When estar por is followed by an infinitive, it can mean that the the infinitives action has yet to occur. Often, estar por followed by an infinitive suggests that the action will occur soon. Estoy por salir de viaje desde Buenos Aires a Asuncià ³n. (I am about to leave on a trip from Buenos Aires to Asuncià ³n.)Raquel estaba por comer cuando se dio cuenta de que todos la estaban mirando. (Raquel was about to eat when she noticed that everyone was looking at her.) ¡Estamos por comenzar nuevas aventuras! (Were on the verge of beginning new adventures!) Estar sin Estar sin is used much like estar con but with the opposite meaning. (Of course, it can also mean to be without): De momento estoy sin dolor. (At the moment Im not in pain.)Unas 8.000 personas estaban sin hogar en la ciudad. (There are some 8,000 homeless people in the city.)Estoy sin dinero y sin amigos. (I am penniless and friendless.) Estar sobre Although estar sobre is usually used literally to indicate being above a person or thing, it can also be used figuratively in a way similar to the English stay on top of, meaning to closely watch or supervise. En el trabajo no es necesario estar sobre los millennials. (On the job, it isnt necessary to keep a close eye on millennials.)Todo el tiempo estoy sobre mis hijos para que estudien. (Im always hounding my children so that they study.)

Leadership at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership at Work - Essay Example Leadership and management share similar traits because management is indeed, quite similar to leadership in many potential ways. Leadership makes use of management in order to achieve its objectives. Unmanaged people can not be led. However, good leadership requires rational decision making skills, problem solving skills, organizing skills and right use and management of time. Effective leadership leads to an improved quality, stress regulation and innovation. Creativity and innovation are fundamentally required for effective leadership. Workplace constitutes employees that vary in their individualistic goals, concerns, aims, approaches, thinking, personalities, and behavior. Accordingly, they require to be dealt with in differing ways in order for the leader to get the optimum amount of work from them. Leadership is essential in order to ensure smooth running of work in any workplace. Therefore, managers appoint leaders after visualizing leadership qualities in them from among the employees, or in other cases, assume leadership themselves so that the employees may have clear indication of their duties and responsibilities. Theoretically, quite a lot of leadership theories have surfaced that include but are not limited to the Trait Theory, the Great Man Theory and Contingency Theory. For example, Trait Theory believes that few people are born with leadership traits (leadership-expert.co.uk, n.d.). A successful leader combines the traits righteously. However practically, many people have developed leadership qualities as per the need of the hour. Leadership as modeling requires an individual to be his/her own self, and stay confident about it. People generally are aware of their weaknesses, and tend to project an improvised image of their self, which saps originality and makes them look banal. Followers may loose trust in a leader whose leadership reflects banality. Decision making is one of the most

Evolution from vintage to contemporary haute couture based on a social Essay

Evolution from vintage to contemporary haute couture based on a social and cultural context - Essay Example ... 5 2.2. Christian Dior: ‘The New Look’ and Working Class Women †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 2.3. Social and Cultural Basis of Transformations in Fashion Trends †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 2.3.1. Other Social Impacts on Fashion Trends and Haute Couture †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 2.3.2. The Contribution of Japanese Designers to Haute Couture in Paris †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 2.4. Haute Couture in the Production of Culture and its Similarity to Art †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 3. Contemporary Haute Couture: Body Concepts, Lifestyle and Media †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 4. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 5. Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 EVOLUTION FROM VINTAGE TO CONTEMPORARY HAUTE COUTURE BASED ON A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT 1. Introduction Haute couture refers essentially to fashion created through the artistic expression of the designer, instead of by the dictates of commonly held beliefs and norms related to clothing. By the late 17th century, the origins of the haute couture approach emerged in France, the European centre for innovative and richly produced luxury silk textiles. The opulent fabrics formed the basis for developing the system of haute couture. From the mid-19th century, Paris based haute couture validated the fashion designer as a creative artist, and not merely a skilled artisan, and established the designer’s name as â€Å"an international authority for the design of luxurious, original clothing† (Batty, 2008, p.4). The history of modern fashion is traced from haute couture in the late nineteenth century with the formation of the House of Worth, to the present day high fashion apparel created by contemporary designers (Martin and Koda, 1997). The changing fashion trends include the rise of haute couture, demi-couture, pret a porter or read-to-wear, mass production, and the prevalence of street fashion. These changes were accompanied by several complexities and contradictions caused by the social, cultural and art environment of the changing times (Martin and Koda, 1997). Thus, in studying the evolution of haute couture during the twentieth century, it is essential to understand the dynamics between commerce and culture, technology and aesthetics, popular culture and pastische, and fashion and anti-fashion at different stages. Later developments in high fashion integrated elite class and taste with street style, derived from tribalism, popular culture and rebellion against formal modes. According to English (2007), fashion is found to imitate art, which in turn is regarded as reflecting the different para digms of life. Thus, the social and cultural contexts of the times play an essential role in the development of fashion. â€Å"Fashion was not only an indicator of cultural change; it was influenced by many social changes† (Batty, 2008, p.11), particularly transformations in gender and class differentiation. Fashion also served to create several social changes. The distinction between high fashion apparel and clothing became hazy, and people’s perspectives altered over time die to technological advancements, ideological transformations and changes in consumerism. From a social history perspective, fashion has contributed considerably but gradually to the liberation of women. It has also played a role in their achieving â€Å"increased power both as consumers and as producers of goods† (Batty, 2008, p.8). Thus, women’s willing acceptance of being targeted by fashion trends

Warranty and Contracts Essay Example for Free

Warranty and Contracts Essay Did the â€Å"I accept† note scribbled on the napkin mailed to Ms. Daughtery create a binding contract between the two parties over the sale of 1965 Corvette Stingray, even though she has not received the acceptance note yet? Yes this is a binding contract between the two parties. While this may be an unconventional acceptance of an offer, it is still binding contract between our client, Mr. deCapo and Ms. Daughtery.  Ms Daughtery sent our client an offer note on February 13, 2008, selling her 1965 Corvette Stingray for the amount of 25,995 plus all title transfer fees. Approximately thirty days later our client Mr. deCapo sent Ms. Daughtery his acceptance of her terms for the sale of her vehicle with the additional cost for title transfer fees. Our client chose accept her terms, via a note on a napkin and sent in the mail. The note sent from Ms. Daughtery is in fact a valid offer of sales to Mr. deCapo. It was a simple offer and only asking the price of the car as well as transfer title fee. Once Mr. deCapo accepted the offer it became a binding contract. Even though Ms. Daughtery has not received the acceptance note from our client, according to the mailbox rule once it went into the mail it became a binding contract. There were no stipulations in Ms. Daughtery’s note to a specific timeline, the thirty days it took our client to respond has no bearing. The performance is the means of acceptance in this case under the mailbox rule. The mailed acceptance is a reasonable form to commit to the offer. If our client was responding with a revocation of his offer this would not be acceptable under the mailbox rule. Especially if it was sent after the acceptance was sent. The offer of acceptance would  arrive first therefore making it a binding contract between the two parties. In the case Adams v. Lindsell, â€Å"The acceptance was mailed on September 5; was not received until September 9. The offeror changed his mind in the meantime and claimed there was no binding contract. But the court held the contract was formed on September 5 when the acceptance was mailed† (www.kentlaw.edu). There is nothing about this process that would cause this to not be a valid binding contract. The note was sent by Ms. Daughtery and the acceptance was sent by our client. The acceptance became valid once the scribble acceptance napkin by our client was put in the mail. Even though Ms. Daughtery has not received the communication from Mr. deCapo it does not change the fact that he has accepted the offer from Ms. Daughtery. There was never a communication of an in-person delivery of the acceptance nor was there a stipulation of an expired time period for the acceptance offer, thus making this a binding contract between our client and Ms. Daughtery. Seller warrants that: (1) Clarice Daughtery (seller) is the sole owner of the vehicle; (2) such vehicle is free of all encumbrances, security interests, and other defenses against seller; (3) the cash price of $25995.00 and the additional amount all transfer title fees; (4) the vehicle will be delivered to and accepted by Leo deCapo (buyer) on day of payment; (5) Leo deCapo is of legal age and legally competent to execute the contract on the date thereof; (6) all disclosures to buyer and other matters in connection with such transaction, are in all respects as required by, and in accordance with, all applicable laws and regulations governing them. (7) Inspection and Acceptance of Vehicle: the buyer will assume cost of the inspection of the vehicle, if the vehicle is not found to be mechanically sound per sellers description; buyer  shall return vehicle and cancel payment of check. Inspection and Acceptance of Vehicle: 4 hours prior to completion of transaction. (8) The seller and/or buyer agree to sign related documents necessary to complete the sale to establish title. Dated: Resources Mailbox rules cases, retrieved on February 5, 2011, www.kentlaw.edu//classes/contracts/Docs/offer_acceptance/​mailbox%​20rule%​20cases.rtf South University Online Lectures, retrieved on February 5, 2011 http://myeclassonline.com Twomey, D. and Jennings, M. (2008) Business Law and Legal Environment 21st ed.

Aristotle’s Elements of Tragedy Essay -- Creek, Poetics, Tragedy

Aristotle is one of the most important western philosophers in history that has influenced our society in many aspects. Many of Aristotle’s teachings have affected our world for many years and still continue to have such a big impact. Some of the subjects Aristotle has influenced include: logic, physics, government and poetry. Aristotle’s study of poetry mainly focused on the elements to a good tragedy. Some of his elements have been used in Greek tragedies and modern movies. The Greek play, Medea, and the modern movie, No Country for Old Men, use elements from Aristotle philosophy, while using similar and different techniques but both achieving an effective tragedy. In Aristotle’s book, Poetics, he defines tragedy as, â€Å"an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and possessing magnitude; in embellished language, each kind of which is used separately in the different parts; in the mode of action and not narrated; and effecting through pity and fear† (Aristotle 1149). Tragedy creates a cause and effect chain of actions that clearly gives the audience ideas of possible events. The six parts to Aristotle’s elements of tragedy are: Plot, character, language, thought, spectacle, and melody. According to Aristotle, the most important element is the plot. Aristotle writes in Poetics that, â€Å"It is not for the purpose of presenting their characters that the agents engage in action, but rather it is for the sake of their actions that they take on the characters they have† (Aristotle 1150). Plots should have a beginning, middle, and end that have a unity of actions throughout the play making it complete. In addi tion, the plot should be complex making it an effective tragedy. The second most important element is character. Characters... ...hough the two demonstrate the elements in different ways, they both achieve an effective tragedy. Now after learning about Aristotle’s philosophy on tragedy, one can examine any type of tragic poetry, play, movie and analysis if the elements are portrayed. Its interesting to see how much of Aristotle’s philosophy has effected poetry in the art of the Greek tragedy, Medea, and the modern movie, No Country for Old Men. Works Cited Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. Gerald F. Else. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1967. Dorsch, T. R., trans. and ed. Aristotle Horace Longinus: Classical Literary Criticism. New York: Penguin, 1965. Ley, Graham. The Ancient Greek Theater. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991. Reinhold, Meyer. Classical Drama, Greek and Roman. New York: Barrons, 1959. Puchner, Martin. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Vol. A. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2012. Print.

Issues of Product Costing Essay

The topic states that is product costing important for virtual organisations that are outsourcing their production operations. Virtual organisations are those corporation that operate in the world of e-business or e-commerce. A virtual organisation can be defined as â€Å"Composed of several business partners sharing costs and resources for the purpose of producing a product or service†¦ can be temporary†¦ or it can be permanent. Each partner contributes complementary resources that reflect its strengths, and determines its role in the virtual corporation† Turban, E. , McLean, E. and Wetherbe J. (1999) Information Technology for Management. 2nd Ed. The key characteristic of the virtual organisations is it ability to change in a rapid and adaptable response to changing markets whether these arise as a result of globalisation, changing cost structures, changing customer needs and wants, or other similar reasons. The needs and requirements of virtual organisations require that each employee have the skills to contribute directly to the value chain of product and service design, production, marketing and distribution, thus contributing directly to the â€Å"bottom line†. Virtual Organisations are at simplicity with the initiative of porous and changing organisational limitations, changing their skills and skill levels through outsourcing and alliances. It is an organisation that has a low cost, high response, effective in utilisation of resources, empowerment of staff, low level of bureaucracy and high combination of Information Technology to support business processes and knowledge workers. Some examples of cyberspace organisation are Amazon. om and Ebay. com that operate its business activity through the Internet. Outsourcing is the process of purchasing goods and services from outside vendors rather than producing the same goods or providing the same services within the organisation. The single most important strategic reason for outsourcing is to reduce or control operating costs. In an Outsourcing Institute survey, companies reported an average 9% reduction.

Freedom Of Press

Freedom of Press Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. While such freedom mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state, its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal protections.With respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public based on classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being therwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. Many governments are also subject to sunshine laws or freedom of information legislation which are both used to define the extent of national interest.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares: â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers† This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of scientific research (known s scientific freedom), publishing, press and printing the depth to which these laws are entrenched in a country's legal system can go as far down as its constitution.The concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Beyond legal definitions, several non-governmental organizations use other criteria to Judge the level of press freedom around the world. Some of those organizations include the following: Reporters Without Borders The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) Freedom House Many of the traditional means of delivering information are being slowly superseded by the increasing pace of modern technological advance.Almost every conventional mo de of media and information dissemination has a modern counterpart that offers significant potential advantages to Journalists seeking to maintain and enhance their freedom of speech. A few simple examples of such Satellite television Web-based publishing (e. g. , blogging) Voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) Every year, Reporters Without Borders establishes a ranking of countries in terms of their freedom of the press.The Freedom of the Press index, an annual survey of edia independence in 197 countries and territories, is based on responses to surveys sent to Journalists that are members of partner organizations of the RWB, as well as related specialists such as researchers, Jurists and human rights activists. The survey asks questions about direct attacks on Journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press, such as non-governmental groups.The annual index contains the most comprehensive data set available on global media treedom and i s a key resource tor scholars, policymakers, international institutions, media, and activists. The index assesses the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in every country in the world, analyzing the events of each calendar year. It provides numerical rankings and rates each country's media as â€Å"Free,† â€Å"Partly Free,† or â€Å"Not Free. Country narratives examine the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influence reporting, and economic factors that affect access to information As of 2013, the United States is ranked 32nd in the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index. There was a fall from 20th in 2010 to 42nd in 2012, which was attributed to arrests of Journalists covering the Occupy movement. In 2011-2012, the countries where press was the most free were Finland, Norway and Germany, followed by Estonia, Netherlands, Austria, Iceland, and Luxembourg.The country with the least degree of press freedom was Eritrea, followe d by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Iran, and China. Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, says that â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦. abridging (limiting) the freedom of speech, or of the press † Freedom of speech is the liberty to speak openly without fear of government restraint.It is closely linked to freedom of the press because this freedom includes both the right to speak and the right to be heard. In the United States, both the freedom of speech and freedom of press are commonly called freedom of expression. This clause is generally understood as prohibiting the government from interfering with the printing and distribution of information or opinions, although freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is subject to some restrictions, such as defamation law and copyright law. The Constitution's framers provided the press with broad fre edom.This freedom was considered necessary to the establishment of a strong, independent press sometimes called â€Å"the fourth branch† of the government. An independent press can provide citizens with a variety of information and opinions on matters of public importance. However, freedom of press sometimes collides with other rights, such as a defendant's right to a fair trial or a citizen's right to privacy. In recent years, there has been increasing concern about extremely aggressive journalism, including stories about people's sexual lives and photographs of people when they were in a private setting.The framers' conception of freedom of the press has been the subject of intense historical debate, both among scholars and in the pages of Judicial opinions. At the very least, those who drafted and ratified the Bill of Rights purported to embrace the notion, derived from William Blackstone, that a free press may not be licensed by the sovereign, or otherwise restrained in a dvance of publication. And, although the subject remains a lively topic of academic debate, the Supreme Court itself reviewed the historical record in 1964 in New York Times Co. . Sullivan and concluded that the central meaning of the First Amendment embraces s well a rejection of the law of seditious libel i. e. , the power of the sovereign to impose subsequent punishments, from imprisonment to criminal fines to civil damages, on those who criticize the state and its officials. To a great extent, however, what we mean by freedom of the press today was shaped in an extraordinary era of Supreme Court decision-making that began with Sullivan and concluded in 1991 witn Conen v. Cowles Media Co.During that remarkable period, the Court ruled least 40 cases involving the press and fleshed out the skeleton of freedoms addressed only rarely in prior cases. In contrast, although the Court in the early part of the last century had considered the First Amendment claims of political dissidents with some frequency, it took nearly 150 years after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, and the First Amendment along with it, for the Court to issue its first decision based squarely on the freedom of the press.Over the course of the quarter-century following Sullivan, the Court made it its business to explore the ramifications of the case on a virtually annual basis. During that period, the Supreme Courts elaboration of what we mean by a free press focused on the nature of the official restraint lleged to compromise that freedom as well as the extent to which the First Amendment protects the press from a given species of governmental action or inaction. Thus, in cases such as Near and the Pentagon Papers case (1971 ‘s New York Times Co. . United States), the Court established that freedom of the press from previous restraints on publication is nearly absolute, encompassing the right to publish information that a president concluded would harm the national security, if not th e movements of troopships at sea in time of war. In 1974's Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, the Court embraced the analogous proposition that the overnment has virtually no power to compel the press to publish that which it would prefer to leave on the proverbial cutting room floor.In that regard, however, it must be noted that not all media are created equal when it comes to entitlement to the full protections of the First Amendments press clause. Most significantly, because of a perceived scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Court has held that Congress and the Federal Communications Commission may regulate the activities of broadcasters operating over public airwaves in a manner that would surely violate the First Amendment if applied to newspapers.Compare Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC (1969) with Tornillo. ) The Courts reasoning in Red Lion, in which it upheld the Commissions Fairness Doctrine and personal attack rule i. e. , the right of a person criticized on a broadcast station to respond to such criticism over the same airwaves licensed to that station has never been disavowed, although the Justices have expressly declined to extend it to other, later-developed communications media, including cable television (1994's Turner Broadcasting v.FCC) and the Internet (1997's Reno v. ACLU), to which the scarcity rationale for regulation is plainly napplicable. Sullivan and cases that followed also hold that the First Amendment protects the publication of false information about matters of public concern in a variety of contexts, although with considerably less vigor than it does dissemination of the truth.Even so, public officials and public fgures may not recover civil damages for injury to their reputations unless they were the victims of a reckless disregard for truth in the dissemination of a calculated falsehood. Indeed, private persons may not collect civil damages for reputational harm caused by falsehoods relating to a matter f public c oncern unless the publishers conduct violates a fault-based standard of care. And although expressions of opinion are not always immune from legal sanction, in its 1990 decision in Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. the Court held that statements not capable of being proven false, or which reasonable people would not construe as statements of fact at all, but rather as mere rhetorical hyperbole, are absolutely protected by the First Amendment. Indeed e ou nas rejected arguments advanced by the institutional press that, because of its structural role in nsuring the free flow of information in a democratic society, it ought to enjoy unique protections from otherwise generally applicable laws that inhibit its ability to gather and report the news.Thus, in 1991 in Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. , the Court effectively concluded the treatise on the freedom of the press it began in Sullivan; it did so when it emphasized that the press is properly subject to liability under the generally applicabl e law of contracts when it breaks a promise to keep a sources identity confidential, even when it does so in order to report truthful information about the ources involvement in a matter of public concern.In the decade following Cohen, the Court again fell largely silent when it came to the First Amendments application to the institutional press. As the 21st century dawned, however, the Court interrupted that silence, at least briefly, to revisit the extent to which a generally applicable law such as the federal wiretap statute can constitutionally impose criminal penalties and civil liability on the dissemination by the press of the contents of unlawfully recorded telephone conversations, at least when the information so disseminated is the truth about a matter of public concern.While it is undeniable fact that freedom of press is essential ingredient of democracy, it does not mean it will advance the goals of democracy. A free press plays a key role in sustaining and monitoring a healthy democracy, as well as in contributing to greater accountability, good government, and economic development. Most importantly, restrictions on media are often an early indicator that governments intend to assault other democratic institutions. According to the Freedom of the Press index, only 14. 5 percent of the world's citizens live in countries that enjoy a free press.In the rest of the world, governments as well as non-state actors control the viewpoints that reach citizens and brutally repress independent voices who aim to promote accountability, good governance, and economic development.

Free Essays on Disadvantages Of Being Single

Disadvantages of Being Single A single person has more disadvantages in life than a person in a relationship. Often it seem that every film, television program, and magazine is full of people in relationships. In a world that looks to be focused primarily on couples, a single person can regularly feel lonely and long for a significant other. When one is of single status, he does not have anyone to share his most intimate feelings, to hold him when he needs held, to show him affection , and various other activities a person in a relationship enjoys doing. Because of this absence, a feeling of solitude is felt by one who is not in a relationship. Some may say that he has friends he could rely on to make up for the emptiness that is felt, but in reality a friend can only do so much. Most activities are enjoyed more when done by two people. When a single person goes out to a party or another type of social gathering, he must face others who are in relationships and often will not be accepted in groups where couples are the priority. As a consequence, a single person seldom goes out as much as a person who is in a relationship. When a person is single, he usually has a shortage of money. There is only one income, whereas in a relationship there is usually two incomes to help support the household. A single person may also find himself spending money on trying to get a date or find someone he will be happy with for the rest of his life. Benefits from work and taxes are also limited to single people. Often discounts are offered when one takes out a family plan or has dependents, which saves a person considerably. A single person misses out on some of the benefits offered to a married individual. At one point or another in everyone’s life one must consider having a family. Families usually consist of a mother, father, and children. If a person is single, she doesn’t get the opportunity to have a family. The t... Free Essays on Disadvantages Of Being Single Free Essays on Disadvantages Of Being Single Disadvantages of Being Single A single person has more disadvantages in life than a person in a relationship. Often it seem that every film, television program, and magazine is full of people in relationships. In a world that looks to be focused primarily on couples, a single person can regularly feel lonely and long for a significant other. When one is of single status, he does not have anyone to share his most intimate feelings, to hold him when he needs held, to show him affection , and various other activities a person in a relationship enjoys doing. Because of this absence, a feeling of solitude is felt by one who is not in a relationship. Some may say that he has friends he could rely on to make up for the emptiness that is felt, but in reality a friend can only do so much. Most activities are enjoyed more when done by two people. When a single person goes out to a party or another type of social gathering, he must face others who are in relationships and often will not be accepted in groups where couples are the priority. As a consequence, a single person seldom goes out as much as a person who is in a relationship. When a person is single, he usually has a shortage of money. There is only one income, whereas in a relationship there is usually two incomes to help support the household. A single person may also find himself spending money on trying to get a date or find someone he will be happy with for the rest of his life. Benefits from work and taxes are also limited to single people. Often discounts are offered when one takes out a family plan or has dependents, which saves a person considerably. A single person misses out on some of the benefits offered to a married individual. At one point or another in everyone’s life one must consider having a family. Families usually consist of a mother, father, and children. If a person is single, she doesn’t get the opportunity to have a family. The t...

An Overview of Christallers Central Place Theory

An Overview of Christallers Central Place Theory Central place theory is a spatial theory in urban geography that attempts to explain the reasons behind the distribution patterns, size, and a number of cities and towns around the world. It also attempts to provide a framework by which those areas can be studied both for historical reasons and for the locational patterns of areas today. Origin of the Theory The theory was first developed by the German geographer  Walter Christaller  in 1933 after he began to recognize the economic relationships between cities and their hinterlands (areas farther away). He mainly tested the theory in southern Germany and came to the conclusion that people gather together in cities to share goods and ideas and that communities- or central places- exist for purely economic reasons. Before testing his theory, however, Christaller had to first define the central place. In keeping with his economic focus, he decided that the central place exists primarily to provide goods and services to its surrounding population. The city is, in essence, a distribution center. Christallers Assumptions To focus on the economic aspects of his theory, Christaller had to create a set of assumptions. He decided that the countryside in the areas he was studying would be flat, so no barriers would exist to impede peoples movement across it. In addition, two assumptions were made about human behavior: Humans will always purchase goods from the closest place that offers them.Whenever the demand for a certain good is high, it will be offered in close proximity to the population. When demand drops, so too does the availability of the good. In addition, the threshold is an important concept in Christallers study. This is the minimum number of people needed for a central place business or activity to remain active and prosperous. This led to Christallers idea of low- and high-order goods. Low-order goods are things that are replenished frequently such as food and other routine household items. Since people buy these items regularly, small businesses in small towns can survive because people will buy frequently at closer locations instead of going into the city. High-order goods, by contrast, are specialized items such as automobiles, furniture, fine jewelry, and household appliances that people buy less often. Because they require a large threshold and people do not purchase them regularly, many businesses selling these items cannot survive in areas where the population is small. Therefore, these businesses often locate in big cities that can serve a large population in the surrounding hinterland. Size and Spacing Within the central place system, there are five sizes of communities:   HamletVillageTownCityRegional capital A hamlet is the smallest place, a rural community that is too small to be considered a village. Cape Dorset (population 1,200), located in Canadas Nunavut Territory is an example of a hamlet. Examples of regional capitals- which are not necessarily political capitals- would include Paris or Los Angeles. These cities provide the highest order of goods possible and serve a huge hinterland. Geometry and Ordering The central place is located at the vertexes (points) of equilateral triangles. Central places serve the evenly distributed consumers who are closest to the central place. As the vertexes connect, they form a series of hexagons- the traditional shape of many central place models. The hexagon is ideal because it allows the triangles formed by the central place vertexes to connect, and it represents the assumption that consumers will visit the closest place offering the goods they need. In addition, central place theory has three orders or principles. The first is the marketing principle and is shown as K3 (where K is a constant). In this system, market areas at a certain level of the central place hierarchy are three times larger than the next lowest one. The different levels then follow a progression of threes, meaning that as you move through the order of places, the number of the next level increases threefold. For example, when there are two cities, there would be six towns, 18 villages, and 54 hamlets. There is also the transportation principle (K4) where areas in the central place hierarchy are four times bigger than the area in the next lowest order. Finally, the administrative principle (K7) is the last system where the variation between the lowest and highest orders increase by a factor of seven. Here, the highest order trade area completely covers that of the lowest order, meaning that the market serves a larger area. Losch’s Central Place Theory In 1954, German economist August Losch modified Christallers central place theory because he believed it was too rigid. He thought that Christallers model led to patterns where the distribution of goods and the accumulation of profits were based entirely on location. He instead focused on maximizing consumer welfare and creating an ideal consumer landscape where the need to travel for any good was minimized, and profits remained relatively equal, regardless of the location where goods are sold. Central Place Theory Today Though Loschs central place theory looks at the ideal environment for the consumer, both his and Christallers ideas are essential to studying the location of retail in urban areas today. Often, small hamlets in rural areas do act as the central place for various small settlements because they are where people travel to buy their everyday goods. However, when they need to buy higher-value goods such as cars and computers, consumers who live in hamlets or villages have to travel into the larger town or city, which serves not only their small settlement but those around them as well. This model is shown all over the world, from rural areas of England to the U.S. Midwest or Alaska with the many small communities that are served by larger towns, cities, and regional capitals.

Prostitution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Prostitution - Research Paper Example But practically, a prostitute that stands at the corner of the street waiting for someone to pick her up for few dollars a night is of the same value as another who spends the night with a john in a seven star hotel. However, there may be significant difference in the psychological effects of prostitution upon a woman that enjoys the sex as much as john does and another that does the sex because she has no option otherwise. Prostitutes that voluntarily engage in this business are empowered by the postmodern view. Nevertheless, prostitutes engaged in the commercial sex business are more susceptible to the risk of trauma than the rest. Many high class prostitutes become mentally unstable. The dissociation of these high class prostitutes to being commoditized as an object is a coping technique for traumatic stress. The impact of the oppression upon the high class prostitutes needs to be considered on the social as well as the clinical level. The continued mistreatment that the high clas s prostitutes have to see on a daily basis increases their susceptibility to the traumatic psychopathologies. Many high class prostitutes acquire the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which commonly results from witnessing terrifying events like injury or death. PTSD inculcates fear in the patient. Many patients of PTSD get into the social exclusion. More experienced high class prostitutes are more at risk of acquiring the PTSD. ... The johns want these prostitutes to have acquired college level education in addition to be attractive and smart. The 40s and 50s year old johns have all the money and assets one could ask for, and thus are able to afford keeping the high class prostitutes with them. These prostitutes are basically middle class women whose actual profession is something else, but they need money to excel into their main profession, and this money comes from the prostitution. Most escort agencies advertise through the internet, and the most expensive and beautiful prostitutes don’t even need that much of advertising. They are approached by the wealthiest johns through private channels. Prostitutes are driven by their craze for materialism. Many of them are given an extra tip along with the payment as an encouragement for being a prostitute. Ultimately, every prostitute is in search of a sugar daddy who would support her so much financially that she would not even need to sell her body to everyb ody afterwards. However, the prostitutes cannot survive the restricted lifestyle that the possessive sugar daddies have to offer them, and thus ultimately such relationships distort. Popular culture is the fundamental promoter of the women’s image as sex objects. These prostitutes overtly confess the lower status of their gender than the men who buy them and use them. The johns are married people complaining that their own wives are unavailable to them for satisfying their cravings for sex for one reason or another. They seek temporal refuge in the prostitutes, but then get addicted to them. The high class prostitutes use Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a coping mechanism to adjust

Journals review in Venture Capital topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journals review in Venture Capital topics - Essay Example While many financial venture capital funds are structured as SBICs, their main goals, however, are to ensure the profitability of the corporate parent and make the most investment returns out of the financial expertise and contacts of the corporate staff. Third, corporate venture capital funds are either subsidiaries or stand-alone firms organized by non-financial institutions like industrial firms, for instance. They function as in the case of industrial firms to make early investments and take advantage of new technologies. Finally, venture capital limited partnerships are funds organized by professional venture capital firms who have the capability to organize, invest, manage, and liquidate the capital raised from the partnership. The most predominant type in the market for venture capital finance is the venture capital limited partnership which manages more than half of the total industry resources. Unlike SBICs or financial and non-financial corporate funds which have problems in internal affairs, funding sources, or compensation packages, limited partnerships are the safest choice in venture capital funds. They function solely to maximize earnings from venture investments. Most European venture capital funds are sourced from financial institutions like banks, unlike the US venture capital which sources more on institutional investments like pension funds. In Europe, banks are more dominant and powerful that a significant number of venture capital firms are owned and managed by them. Their investments are diverse and are scattered along many different funds. Aside from having strict financial goals, European banks are also found to have strategic objectives in managing their investments. In fact, almost half of European venture funds in 2000 were sourced from banks, insurance companies, and other corporate investors. In the US, however, institutional investors are the most popular sources of funding. Pension funds, for instance, allot only a

Macroeconomic Data Analysis and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Macroeconomic Data Analysis and Report - Essay Example It is important to note that the population growth rate is an important factor in gauging the economic performance of a state and by taking the case of these two countries it will be easy to establish their economic trends. If this is presented in a table form or graphically the trend will give an insight into the economic characteristics of the two countries. Exchange rate is vital in comparing the strength of the currency between the countries and this is an index of measuring level of economic growth holding other factors constant. Purchasing power parity is important in measuring the inflation rate between the two states under case study. The ratio of gross national product to gross domestic product is important in providing a ground for estimating the amount of income that is repatriated to other countries. Bigger ratio means unfavorable productivity of the country and overdependence on foreign capital and skilled manpower. To explain the economic growth and development parity b etween these two states needs to be presented in graphs. The figure one above shows that the exchange rates between the two states have a wide gap and this is consistent across the three years. It is important to note that UK is more developed and economically stable as reflected by its comparatively lower exchange rate than Saudi Arabia. Considering the figures of exchange rate across the years shows some changes for United Kingdom while Saudi Arabia has a constant exchange rate which hints stable currency and consistent economic growth than in UK (Sarno & Taylor, 2005, 98). United Kingdom has a high population which presents a strain on the existing resources but considering the geographical size of the state. The point of concern in this case is the trend in population growth. The rate of population increase is high for Saudi Arabia than UK and this present expansionary threat to Saudi Arabia as the population will put steady

Easy Jet Competitive Advantage Tourism Essay

Easy Jet Competitive Advantage Tourism Essay Easy jet which is having Mission statement as to provide our customers the safe journey,good worth,point to point air service and to offer a reliable and consistent product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of european routes and to achieve this will increase our peoples and estabilish lifelong relation ship.this mission statement is clearly saying that wat they want and we will get in to this case study and find out how easyjet get into this position and where it is now and where it is going what it should do with the following analysis given below, Is market positioning enough to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in this industry? To analyse this activities we will use Porters Five Force analysis and SWOT and PEST analysis of this industry and we will check the value chain and competitive scope of this Easy Jet. The overall analysis will give the clear conclusion that its profitable factors and to be continued in same manner and to develop to get grow in the future. Strategy: It is defined as an alternative chosen to make happen a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or solution to a problem. Art and science of planning and marshalling resources for their most efficient and effective use. The term is derived from the Greek word (Stratigos) for general ship or leading an army. (www. businessdictionary.com) Macro environment: Major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic, demographics, legal, political, and social conditions, technological changes, and natural forces. 2. Factors that influence a companys or products development that are outside of the companys control. For example, the macro environment could include competitors, changes in interest rates, changes in cultural tastes, or government regulations. (www.businessdictionary.com) PESTLE ANALYSIS: PEST analysis is the tool to measure the marketing environment, and its looking the external factors of the airline industry. First we analysis the present situation of easy jet. Politico legal factors: Politico legal factors is The political and legal environment consists of government agencies, laws and the pressure groups which influence. In some situation the law also create new opportunities for starts the new business. The two important trends in the political-legal environment are to increase the growth of special interest groups and the business legislation (Kotler, et al., 2009, p.171). The Easy Jet had the political problem in Switzerland due to the delay of flights to the various cities. The basic problem for these incidents is given below.The EasyJet flights are flies into Basel and Geneva airports but with a dismal on-time record, according to status of the flightstats.com. The online websites that tracks that the 20 most active routes for the carrier, but the Easy Jet planes from Geneva to London to be schedule about half of the time, It is the average delay of 74 minutes. Flights from London to Geneva are mismatch in its schedule by 31% of the time, and its the average delays of 38 minutes. The worst route for being on time between Palma Mallorca to Geneva, by these 82 per cent of the flights are late, according to flight stats. At no time did the company want to have such delays, said Jean-Marc Thà ©venaz, general director. We regret the situation. To help fix the problem, Thà ©venaz said that the company had decreased the number of flights during certain periods. We are trying to create some timeslots during the day when we fly less so as to be able to juggle our planes around to minimize delays, he said. He added that the company also has an extra plane on the ground in Britain that could be assigned to stay in Geneva. European Union is enlarging in the east. Its a right time the Easy Jet will increase the new market in the Eastern Europe. UK government going to increase the tax coming year .so it will affect the low cost and no frills approach. Economy factors: The available purchasing power in an economy depends on prices, current incomes, savings, credit availabilities and debts. Marketers must pay careful attention to trends affecting purchasing power, because they can have a strong impact on business (Kotler, et al., 2009, p.163). Easy Jet shares had fell up-to 7% on the last month for the fears over crewing issues. Carolyn McCall, who joined as chief executive from Guardian Media Group at the start of this month, said Easy Jet would seek to address the staffing problems, with a focus on flight delays at Gatwick airport. Douglas McNeill, said the crewing problems were worrying and we know theyve developed a problem, But we wont know the causes and the long-term costs of fixing it until November. From the volcanic ash problem the company had paid  £36m as compensation. The company had lost their estimated sales and its cost around  £29m. Easy jet said It was disappointed with the decision by the UK government not to compensate losses related to the ash cloud, which forced Easy Jet to cancel 7,314 flights. Easy Jet revenues for last three months are 5.3% to  £759m and the seats are flown up into 1.7 %. The Easy Jet peoples said It expected to make a pre-tax profit this year of between  £100m and  £150m at current exchange rates. Share Price of Easy Jet Figure: Chart of easy jet share price for last three months http://www.lse.co.uk/SharePrice.asp?shareprice From my analysis the company must be on-time performance and its needs to be better the numbers staff can be improved. Sometimes it may spoil the good name, goodwill, reputation and the image of easyGroup. Socio-Cultural factors: Society shapes the values, beliefs and norms that largely define consumer tastes and preferences. People absorb, almost unconsciously, a worldview that defines their relationship to themselves, to others, to organisations, to society, to nature, and to the universe (Kotler, et al., 2009, p.171). Easyjet had a problem in the social and cultural factors. The company has various approaches to selling the air tickets through online and telephonic rather than agencies. German and France peoples are dont have much interested to use online and telephonic ticket booking and also they dont like to use credit cards and debit cards in internet booking. So the company is having difficulty to achieve the target of sale. Most of the people expecting to fly in cheap and friendly fare when we giving advertisement in newspaper like family package and also giving low cast fare  £10 per person. Technological factors One of the most dramatic forces shaping peoples lives in technology. Every new technology is a force for creative destruction. The number of major new technologies we discover affects the economys growth rate (Kotler, et al., 2009, p.169 ). Easy Jet had design the new devise to fix in the tail. Around 100km the device can detect the ash clouds. The cost of  £1m is spent by the company to develop and test the technology. Airbus is the leading manufacturer of aircrafts. The company hopes to fix the devise to all their aircrafts. It can be implemented by next year. The AVOID Airborne Volcanic Object Identifier and Detector technology is designed to work like the weather detection systems already in use for spotting thunderstorms. A lightweight infrared device would provide images to both the pilots and an airlines flight control centre, enabling pilots to see an ash cloud at altitudes between 5,000 feet and 50,000 feet. In the volcanic ash problem all the airline industries are lost more than one billion US dollars and the relevant business to the airline companies are lost twice the amount like tourist hotels, cabs, and airport authorities. In the volcanic eruption the flights are damaged massively. We have understood the basic problem of the aircrafts during the time of ash clouds. The companies are monitoring the problem of ash clouds through the satellites. But its not enough to prevent the aircraft at the time of eruption. So the aircraft companies are ready to spend millions and millions of amount to solving this problem. According to the statement of ESA (European Space Agency) from the period 1982 to 2000 the volcanic ash clouds can damage more than 100 aircrafts by average of 65 volcanic eruptions by each and every year. Around 250 m US dollar can be estimated as a loss for the airlines industries from last 25 years. The basic problem of the volcanic ash is that can be containing so many raw particles (eg glass, rocks and other relatively large objects) can damage the propeller of the jet. It can be easily affect the engine to stop immediately. Then it can damaged the sensitive parts of the aircrafts (eg clog its sensors, limit the view of its pilots, and severely scratch, or sandblast, cockpit windows, landing light covers and parts of the tail and wings). These damages are found by ESA through the satellites. Technologically Easy Jet is in the right place to develop the new trends but it can lacking to implement the technology in the aircraft maintenances. External environment: Conditions, entities, events and factors surrounding an organization which influence its activities and choices, and determine its opportunities and risks. Also called operating environment.(www.businessdictionary.com) Easy Jet Airline Company Limited: Strengths: Easy Jet is a leading provider of low budget, no frills air travel servicing many of the leading city destinations in the UK and across Europe, including Berlin, Amsterdam, Barcelona, and Prague. They offer a high quality service at competitive prices and offer a number of features including ticketless travel, internet booking and assisted travel services.They have a highly distinctive livery on their fleet of aircraft making them easily recognisable and distinguishing them from their competitors. They have a user friendly website which fully discloses the price breakdown of the passengers planned travel. Offering a full breakdown of the price plan prevents any hidden charges when the customer confirms there booking. Easy Jet offers an online promotion alert which is e-mailed to existing customers and contact on the companys database. It is recognised as a leading brand name in the UK travel industry. As a market leader in an industry widely seen as a leading contributor to the green house effect and global warming, Easy Jet actively embrace there environmental responsibilities and continue to keep these factors as a keep priority when developing their future strategies. Easy Jet operate a fast and efficient service with an average turnaround time of 30 minutes or below. This enables them to maintain a reliable and hassle free service to their passengers. Weaknesses: Domestic air travel is an extremely competitive industry with EasyJets main competitors being Jet2, BMI Baby, Ryan Air plus a host of smaller independent competitors. These external competitive forces can restrict and shape pricing policy on some of EasyJets less profitable routes as they seek to compete with their competitors. They do not offer a free food service on longer flights of 2 hours plus. Opportunities: It might possible for an opening of alternative routes to major cities in Europe. A key route could be from Dublin to the UK, as this has a large potential for travellers going to soccer matches in the UK plus new links into corporate flyers to and from the UK. Offering of free refreshments on flights with a travel time of over two and a half hours. This would offer an extra perk and comfort to passengers making their experience with EasyJet all the more comfortable and enjoyable. Updated versions of the fly on the wall documentaries would provide the brand with more coverage and publicity. Threats: Competitors flying the same routes compete very competitively on price forcing pressure on margin on more popular flights and time slots. External market forces can have a significant impact on Easy Jets business, e.g. the rising cost of oil can have a significant impact on running costs putting significant pressure on the profitability of less popular routes and time slots. Pressure from unions and employee relations committees can significantly impact on the day to day operations with strikes proving to be very costly to the companys image. Economic downturn may lead to a decrease in casual flyers and corporate travel as companies seek to curtail what they see as unnecessary expenditure and in turn make less business trips. Competitive advantage: Marketing mix is the most important factors in the marketing management. Every company is using the marketing mix to attract the customers and develop the company. Marketing success of a company is depends on how much marketing mix using Fairley to cover the customers. After several studies and research the classic 4ps of marketing mix has changed into 7Ps (by Booms Bitner). However the 4ps is still the most common model of the marketing mix. By the competitive advantage we analysis the Marketing mix. It contains 4Ps that Production, Price, Promotion and Place/Distribution. Easy Jet has been named the worlds best low cost airline in the annual World Airline Awards. Skytrax made a survey for 15million passengers by the period of 11 months. It is the world largest survey among the passengers. Its shown the star ranking of the airlines and quality of the airlines. Commenting on Easy Jets achievement, Skytrax CEO, Edward Plaisted, said: Low-cost does not need to, nor should it equate to, low-quality service. Easy Jet is clear testament that low-cost operations can be delivered with a good standard of customer care and passenger service quality with their level of customer loyalty clearly demonstrating a winning formula. No-Frills, point to point air services We can hire the car from the website of Easy Jet and we can access the hotels and apartments from their websites. Place / distribution: Place /distribution refers to how the product gets to the buyer; for instance, point-of-sale assignment or retailing. This third P has furthermore at times been called Place, referring to the channel by which a product or service is sold. The easy jet websites has targeted the customers those are not willing to get the tickets through agencies or third parties. The company policies are not allowed the intermediates to raise the actual price up to 20 percent to 30 percent as a commission. So the passengers do not know the actual price of the ait ticket. The company is targeted the passengers are saving the money as well as the time. The Easy Jet websites provides the customers very easy to access. Easy booking accommodation Flight schedule Cab booking And other transportation Likewise the company has provides the customers are easily book their tickets through telephone. There are unique packages for the business peoples which is having the special selection on their websites. The option is B2B-Business to Business transaction which can be indicates in the EasyJet website. Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, including promotional education, publicity, and individual selling. Branding refers to the assorted strategies of promoting the product, brand, or company. Media advertising- Pulsed, pioneering, competitive or product oriented. Comparative ads disrupt consumers beliefs re competitors. Creative campaigns create controversy, shift perceptions change rules of the game. Personal selling- Although needed, is seen as less important for destabilizing in turbulent market. Public relations- Less important, but small PR activities can nudge system towards destabilization. Sales promotions- If used with price, can be effective/destabilizing. Minor, but unusual promotions/ changes lead to major impacts. More effective than adverts inturbulent markets. Word of mouth -Very important influence-the-influencer promos. Spread info re new, amazing aspects of product. Use multiplier channels like Internet, discussion groups. Aggressive use of promotions-Aggressive use enables trends to be nudged advantage to be taken of turbulence. Speed of change- To be unusual surprising, campaigns must be short-term, changed frequently. Importance -Important to manage via nudge effect, but less effective for major changes. It is a decision of how best to communicate the product to target audience and how to persuade them to buy it (Lovelock, Patterson and Walker, 1996). No marketing program can succeed without an effective communication program. This component plays three vital roles: providing needed information and advice, persuading target customers of the merits of a specific product, and encouraging them to take action at specific times (Lovelock and Wright, 2002). Easy Jet achieved the target of 500 routes in 15 years. The company crossed 300 million passengers are live in the airports in an hour. The growth ratio of the company is increased by 10 percent while compare to the previous year. The Easy Jet is the leading low-price airlines in the European airlines industries. The advertisement strap line is Size Matters!And Its slogan is The Webs favourite airline. Their approach is called No-nonsense approach like humorous. (http://business.easyjet.com/downloads/easyJet-Price-Comparison-Results.pdf) Conclusion: Easy Jet need to consider regarding responding to new entrants by the segments or considering competition based on price, services, and routes that gives an advantage to keep new entries outside the market. By considering the current market trends a perfect strategy to be planned based on the marketing mix.   To discriminate the brand sustain on development lines, the company can implement a CRM (cause related marketing) offers, manage its accessibility of being a caring airlines. And by providing travelers a sense of psychological comfort and well-being while they selecting to fly by Easy Jet. On overall, Easy Jet needs to develop the accurate and realistic to serve the passengers.